Hormones produced by the endocrine system play a large role in many parts of the cardiovascular system. Some hormone imbalances can lead to high cholesterol and elevated blood pressure. Over time, these problems can become major risk factors for heart attack and stroke. The study of the ways hormones relate to the heart and blood vessels is known as cardiovascular endocrinology.
The endocrine system is responsible for producing the hormones that control the body’s various systems and processes. These hormones work by binding to specific parts of target organs. When too much or too little of a certain hormone is produced, the function of that organ can be affected. Because they are responsible for regulating and maintaining all of the body’s natural processes, they can have a negative impact on the heart and cardiovascular system. There are numerous conditions that are directly related to cardiovascular endocrinology.
Diagnosing Cardiovascular Endocrinology
Secondary hypertension is a condition that is widely studied in cardiovascular endocrinology. Most cases of high blood pressure are classed as primary hypertension, meaning that while the exact cause is unknown, the condition typically responds well to medication and lifestyle changes. Secondary hypertension, however, is caused by another condition and usually does not respond to changes and medications that are successful in treating cases of primary hypertension. Secondary hypertension is commonly caused by hormone imbalances that occur as the result of an adrenal gland disorder such as cushing syndrome, primary aldosteronism, or pheochromocytoma. Renovalcular hypertension is also a type of high blood pressure that is caused by a hormone imbalance. In this case, the vessels that carry blood to the kidneys become narrow and restrict blood flow. The kidneys compensate by releasing excess hormones to raise blood pressure. Other hormonal causes of secondary hypertension include problems with the thyroid and other endocrine conditions.
Treating Cardiovascular Endocrinology
When cardiovascular problems exist as the result of imbalances in the endocrine system, cardiologists and endocrinologists often must work together to find a solution that will treat the heart condition as well as the underlying hormone imbalance. Some doctors specialize in the field of cardiovascular endocrinology and are able to diagnose and treat problems themselves. In many cases, hormone imbalances can be treated with medication, and the heart problems will clear up on their own. In some cases, medication may also be required to treat cardiovascular problems caused by hormones. Surgical procedures may also be needed when glands are not functioning properly.